Deployment Architecture

This document outlines the deployment architecture and strategies for the Stayzr hotel management system, covering infrastructure, environments, and operational considerations.

Deployment Overview

The Stayzr platform is designed for cloud-native deployment with the following architecture:

Frontend: Static site deployment (Vercel, Netlify, or CDN)
Backend: Containerized Node.js application
Database: PostgreSQL with Redis caching
File Storage: S3-compatible object storage
Load Balancing: Nginx reverse proxy

Infrastructure Requirements

Minimum System Requirements

CPU: 2 vCPUs per application instance
Memory: 4GB RAM per application instance
Storage: 20GB+ SSD storage for application
Database: PostgreSQL 15+ with 100GB+ storage
Network: Public IP with HTTPS capability

Recommended Production Setup

CPU: 4+ vCPUs per application instance
Memory: 8GB+ RAM per application instance
Storage: 50GB+ SSD storage
Database: PostgreSQL cluster with read replicas
CDN: CloudFlare or AWS CloudFront

Environment Architecture

Development Environment

Development Setup:
  Infrastructure:
    - Docker Compose for local development
    - PostgreSQL container
    - Redis container
    - Local file storage
  
  Configuration:
    - Hot reloading enabled
    - Debug logging active
    - Mock external services
    - Test data seeding

Staging Environment

Staging Setup:
  Infrastructure:
    - Production-like environment
    - Shared database instance
    - Redis cluster
    - S3-compatible storage
  
  Configuration:
    - Production build artifacts
    - Limited external service integration
    - Automated testing suite
    - Performance monitoring

Production Environment

Production Setup:
  Infrastructure:
    - Auto-scaling application instances
    - High-availability database cluster
    - Redis cluster with failover
    - CDN for static assets
    - Load balancer with SSL termination
  
  Configuration:
    - Optimized builds
    - Comprehensive monitoring
    - Full external service integration
    - Automated backups

Container Architecture

Docker Configuration

# Backend Application Dockerfile
FROM node:20-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production

COPY . .
RUN npm run build

FROM node:20-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app

RUN addgroup --system --gid 1001 nodejs
RUN adduser --system --uid 1001 nextjs

COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder /app/package.json ./package.json

USER nextjs
EXPOSE 3000

CMD ["npm", "start"]

Docker Compose Production

version: '3.8'

services:
  app:
    build: 
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.prod
    environment:
      NODE_ENV: production
      DATABASE_URL: ${DATABASE_URL}
      REDIS_URL: ${REDIS_URL}
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    depends_on:
      - postgres
      - redis
    restart: unless-stopped
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3000/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

  postgres:
    image: postgres:15-alpine
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: stayzr
      POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USER}
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    restart: unless-stopped

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    restart: unless-stopped

  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      - ./ssl:/etc/nginx/ssl
    depends_on:
      - app
    restart: unless-stopped

volumes:
  postgres_data:
  redis_data:

Load Balancer Configuration

Nginx Configuration

upstream backend {
    server app:3000;
    # Add more servers for scaling
    # server app2:3000;
    # server app3:3000;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name stayzr.example.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name stayzr.example.com;

    # SSL Configuration
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/cert.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/key.pem;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;

    # Security headers
    add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000";

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }

    location /health {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Static assets with caching
    location /static/ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }
}

Database Deployment

PostgreSQL Configuration

PostgreSQL Setup:
  Version: 15+
  Configuration:
    - Shared buffers: 25% of RAM
    - Work memory: 4MB per connection
    - Maintenance work memory: 64MB
    - WAL buffers: 16MB
    - Checkpoint completion target: 0.9
    
  Security:
    - SSL connections required
    - Row-level security enabled
    - Regular security updates
    - Backup encryption
    
  Monitoring:
    - Connection pooling with PgBouncer
    - Query performance monitoring
    - Automated backup verification
    - Disk space monitoring

Redis Configuration

Redis Setup:
  Version: 7+
  Configuration:
    - Memory policy: allkeys-lru
    - Max memory: 80% of available RAM
    - Persistence: AOF enabled
    - Replication: Master-slave setup
    
  Security:
    - Password authentication
    - Network access restrictions
    - Regular security updates
    
  Monitoring:
    - Memory usage tracking
    - Hit rate monitoring
    - Latency measurements
    - Failover testing

CI/CD Pipeline

GitHub Actions Workflow

name: Deploy to Production

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  build-and-test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      
      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: '20'
          cache: 'npm'
      
      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci
      
      - name: Run tests
        run: npm test
      
      - name: Build application
        run: npm run build
      
      - name: Build Docker image
        run: docker build -t stayzr:${{ github.sha }} .
      
      - name: Push to registry
        run: |
          echo ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }} | docker login -u ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }} --password-stdin
          docker push stayzr:${{ github.sha }}

  deploy:
    needs: build-and-test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
    steps:
      - name: Deploy to production
        run: |
          # Deploy script here
          echo "Deploying to production..."

Monitoring and Observability

Application Monitoring

Monitoring Stack:
  Metrics:
    - Prometheus for metrics collection
    - Grafana for visualization
    - Node Exporter for system metrics
    - Application-specific metrics
  
  Logging:
    - Structured JSON logging
    - Centralized log aggregation
    - Log rotation and retention
    - Error tracking and alerting
  
  Tracing:
    - Distributed request tracing
    - Performance bottleneck identification
    - Database query analysis
    - External service monitoring

Health Checks

// Health check endpoints
export const healthChecks = {
  '/health': {
    description: 'Basic health check',
    checks: ['server', 'memory']
  },
  
  '/health/detailed': {
    description: 'Comprehensive health check',
    checks: ['server', 'database', 'redis', 'external-services']
  },
  
  '/health/ready': {
    description: 'Readiness probe for Kubernetes',
    checks: ['database-connection', 'migrations']
  }
};

Security Considerations

Infrastructure Security

Firewall Configuration: Restrict access to essential ports only
SSL/TLS: Strong cipher suites and certificate management
Access Control: Role-based access to infrastructure components
Network Segmentation: Separate networks for different environments

Application Security

Environment Variables: Secure storage of secrets and configuration
Container Security: Regular base image updates and vulnerability scanning
API Security: Rate limiting, input validation, and authentication
Data Protection: Encryption at rest and in transit

Backup and Disaster Recovery

Backup Strategy

Database Backups:
  Frequency: Daily automated backups
  Retention: 30 days for daily, 12 months for monthly
  Testing: Monthly restore tests
  Storage: Encrypted offsite storage
  
File Storage Backups:
  Frequency: Continuous replication
  Retention: 90 days
  Testing: Quarterly restore tests
  Storage: Multi-region replication

Application Backups:
  Configuration: Version controlled
  Code: Git repository with tags
  Dependencies: Package lock files
  Documentation: Automated generation

Disaster Recovery

Recovery Procedures:
  RTO (Recovery Time Objective): 4 hours
  RPO (Recovery Point Objective): 1 hour
  
  Steps:
    1. Infrastructure provisioning
    2. Database restoration
    3. Application deployment
    4. Configuration verification
    5. Service validation
    6. DNS cutover

Performance Optimization

Application Performance

Code Optimization: Bundle optimization and tree shaking
Caching Strategy: Multi-layer caching implementation
Database Optimization: Query optimization and indexing
CDN Integration: Static asset delivery optimization

Infrastructure Performance

Auto Scaling: Horizontal pod autoscaling based on metrics
Load Balancing: Intelligent request distribution
Resource Allocation: Right-sizing of compute resources
Network Optimization: Efficient data transfer protocols

Cost Optimization

Resource Management

Cost Optimization Strategies:
  Compute:
    - Right-sizing instances
    - Spot instances for development
    - Scheduled scaling for predictable loads
    - Reserved instances for production
  
  Storage:
    - Lifecycle policies for data archiving
    - Compression for backups
    - Efficient file formats
    - Regular cleanup of unused data
  
  Network:
    - CDN for reduced bandwidth costs
    - Efficient API designs
    - Data compression
    - Regional deployment optimization

Troubleshooting Guide

Common Issues

Database Connection Issues

# Check database connectivity
pg_isready -h localhost -p 5432

# Check connection pool status
docker logs stayzr-app | grep "connection pool"

Memory Issues

# Monitor memory usage
docker stats

# Check for memory leaks
docker exec stayzr-app node --inspect app.js

Performance Issues

# Check application metrics
curl http://localhost:3000/metrics

# Monitor database queries
docker logs stayzr-postgres | grep "slow query"

Deployment Overview​

Infrastructure Requirements​

Minimum System Requirements​

Recommended Production Setup​

Environment Architecture​

Development Environment​

Staging Environment​

Production Environment​

Container Architecture​

Docker Configuration​

Docker Compose Production​

Load Balancer Configuration​

Nginx Configuration​

Database Deployment​

PostgreSQL Configuration​

Redis Configuration​

CI/CD Pipeline​

GitHub Actions Workflow​

Monitoring and Observability​

Application Monitoring​

Health Checks​

Security Considerations​

Infrastructure Security​

Application Security​

Backup and Disaster Recovery​

Backup Strategy​

Disaster Recovery​

Performance Optimization​

Application Performance​

Infrastructure Performance​

Cost Optimization​

Resource Management​

Troubleshooting Guide​

Common Issues​

Related Documentation​